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River

Panj River

921 km from source to mouth · Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

TajikistanAfghanistanTajikistan and AfghanistanFlows into Amu Darya1st longest in Tajikistan

Follow the riverMonth by month

SourceMouth
The river and every tributary in its basin, drawn from RiverATLAS (CC BY 4.0).

In numbers

Length

921km

Average flow

1,000m³/s

Basin

114,000km²

Drop

2,476m

from 2,794 m to 318 m

Countries

2

The journey

From source to mouth

921 km of river and 19 stops on the way: 6 towns and cities on its banks, dams, bridges and the tributaries that feed it.

2,794 m318 m
Sourceat 2,794 m0 km
Gunt Rivertributary233 km
Kōl-e Yārkh0.4 km²317 km
Yazgulyam Rivertributary361 km
Tajik–Afghan Friendship Bridge449 km
Yangī Qal‘ah11,100 people696 km
Kyzylsu Rivertributary727 km
Ḩalqah Kōl0.9 km²820 km
Amu Daryaat 318 m921 km
0200400600800921 km
  1. 0 kmSourceat 2,794 m
  2. 9 kmWakhan Rivertributary
  3. 9 kmPamir Rivertributary
  4. 131 kmIshqoshim26,000 people
  5. 231 kmKhorugh30,500 people
  6. 233 kmGunt Rivertributary
  7. 236 kmTajik–Afghan bridge at Tem-Demogan
  8. 290 kmBartang Rivertributary
  9. 317 kmKōl-e Yārkh0.4 km²
  10. 361 kmYazgulyam Rivertributary
  11. 374 kmVanj Rivertributary
  12. 449 kmTajik–Afghan Friendship Bridge
  13. 696 kmYangī Qal‘ah11,100 people
  14. 727 kmKyzylsu Rivertributary
  15. 748 kmKokcha Rivertributary
  16. 774 kmDasht-e Archī8,263 people
  17. 787 kmPanj8,019 people
  18. 820 kmḨalqah Kōl0.9 km²
  19. 824 kmQarāwul24,544 people
  20. 845 kmTajikistan–Afghanistan bridge at Panji Poyon
  21. 921 kmAmu Daryaat 318 m

Water level along the river (RiverATLAS; the height is exaggerated). Towns: GeoNames and Wikidata; bridges, dams and tributaries: Wikidata.

Tributary of the Amu Darya

At the mouth it carries 1,000 m³/s on average: an Olympic pool every 2.5 seconds. It drops from 2,794 m to 318 m, 2.7 m per kilometre on average. Its basin covers 114,000 km², about the size of BJ. 3.2 million people live in it. Highest water, with the snowmelt: from April to May; lowest: from January to February and from September to October. No large dam holds it back: it is one of the world's free-flowing rivers.

Read more on Wikipedia

Where to start

  • KhorughLargest city on its banks · 30,500 people
  • Kulob International Airport (TJU)Nearest airport with scheduled flights, 163 km from the city
  • On the water2 ferry piers, marinas, boat rentals and boat ramps along the river (OpenStreetMap)
  • From May to SeptemberThe best months to visit

Panj River, month by month

Highest water: from April to May

Lowest water: from January to February and from September to October. Freezing months (average below −4 °C): January. Melting snow makes up much of its water. Best months to visit: from May to September.

410
-5°45 mmJan
350
-3°57 mmFeb
2,100
3°83 mmMar
2,500
10°74 mmApr
2,500
14°59 mmMay
2,200
19°13 mmJun
770
22°8 mmJul
450
21°3 mmAug
270
16°4 mmSep
330
10°22 mmOct
450
4°27 mmNov
440
-2°44 mmDec
Water (estimated flow)Air (average) Rain (mm)Best months

From about 270 m³/s in the lowest month to 2,500 m³/s in the highest. An estimate: the monthly flow is modelled from the lowest and highest months of WaterGAP (RiverATLAS, 1971–2000) and the rain and snow along the river (WorldClim). Dams change the real rhythm. The chip is the average air temperature; below it, the month's rain.

Plan the trip

Plan the trip: boat trips, a bed by the river, a car

Some links above are affiliate links: if you book through them we may earn a commission, at no extra cost to you. It never changes what the data on this page says.

The basin

Panj River: the basin in numbers

116,798 km² of land send their water to this river. This is what lives on it.

Free-flowingDams upstream can hold only 0.1% of a year's flow: the river still keeps its natural rhythm.
  • 3.2millionpeople live in the basin
  • 27/km²people per km²
  • 3,430maverage altitude of the basin
  • 523mmof rain a year (basin average)
  • 0.9°Caverage air temperature
  • 13%protected areas
  • 0.2%covered by lakes
  • 3%glaciers
  • 34%permafrost
  • 0.0km³held in reservoirs

What covers the basin

  • 6% Cropland
  • 30% Pasture
  • 3% Ice

RiverATLAS (HydroATLAS v1.0, CC BY 4.0): land cover, people, protected areas, glaciers and dams over the whole basin upstream of the mouth.

Along the river

Panj River: what you find on the way

  • 8Weirs
  • 21WaterfallsVrang water falls, Waterfall, visible from Tajikistan, Nasta and 18 more
  • 2Ferry piers

From OpenStreetMap, within 2.4 km of the river. Not mapped is not the same as not there.

Cross-checked with our atlases

Panj River in our other atlases

What our sister atlases know about the waterfalls on this river, the lakes it flows through, the beaches at its mouth, the mountains where it rises and the islands off its mouth.

  • 2lakes on its wayLakeyas

Lakes and reservoirs (2)

Lakes it flows through, by Lakeyas

  1. Kōl-e Yārkhkm 3060.4km²
  2. Ḩalqah Kōlkm 7920.9km²

Lakeyas is coming soonOpen Lakeyas ↗

From space

The source and the mouth, seen from orbit

Panj River: satellite view of the source
The source14 km across
Panj River: satellite view of the mouth
The mouth47 km across

Sentinel-2 cloudless 2016 by EOX IT Services GmbH (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2016), CC BY 4.0. The glowing line is the river as drawn by RiverATLAS.

Photos

Panj River in pictures

Pamir Highway and Panj 1
Kondephy · CC BY-SA 4.0
Khumb estuary into Panj
Kondephy · CC BY-SA 4.0
Panj River at Khaskhorug, border Tajikistan-Afghanistan - panoramio
Zack Knowles · CC BY-SA 3.0
Panj river landscape
Benoît Vicart · CC0

Where these numbers come from

Name, length, placesWikidata (Q8542) · CC0
Course, profile, basinRiverATLAS v1.0 (HydroATLAS, Linke et al. 2019) · CC BY 4.0 — followed from the source to the mouth given by Wikidata
FlowWaterGAP (RiverATLAS), 1971–2000 · CC BY 4.0
Climate along the riverWorldClim (RiverATLAS), 1970–2000 · CC BY 4.0
Towns, bridges, damsWikidata · CC0; GeoNames · CC BY 4.0
Along the river© OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL
ImagesEOX Sentinel-2 cloudless 2016 · CC BY 4.0; Wikimedia Commons
Our other atlasesLakeyas — Wikidata · CC0; © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL; GeoNames · CC BY 4.0; HydroLAKES · CC BY 4.0; NOAA OISST

Every source and licence is on the data sources page.

The family

Do you prefer beaches, lakes, mountains, waterfalls, islands, rivers or canyons?

Same idea, other landscapes: field atlases built on open data, month by month, in seven languages.

beachesCoastyaFind your beach: sea temperature, sun and swimming month by month.Visit
lakesLakeyasEvery lake on Earth: water temperature, ice, depth and the shore.Coming soonVisit
mountainsPeakyasEvery summit in 3D: summit weather, the 0 °C line, huts and trails.Visit
waterfallsCascadyasEvery waterfall: height, flow month by month and when it roars.Coming soonVisit
islandsIslandyasEvery island from the sea up: size, sea temperature, ferries and 3D.Coming soonVisit
riversRiveryasEvery river from source to sea: the journey, the flow and the basin in numbers.You are here
canyonsCanyonyasEvery canyon cut to scale: depth to the floor, rim and floor temperatures, trails and viewpoints.Coming soonVisit